The Limit of Russian State Capitalism

The Role of Oligarchs in Russian Capitalism

A relatively small number of Russian industrial tycoons, or “oligarchs,” control a substantial share of Russia’s economy. Are these oligarchs likely to be agents of economic and political change or opponents of such change? Some consider the oligarchs to be the engine of Russia’s economic recovery and institutional reform since 1999 (Boone and Rodionov, 2002; Aslund, 2004). As oligarchs are the...

Reinventing State Capitalism

‘State Capitalism’ in the Soviet Union

The aim of this paper is to explore the reactions to the Bolshevik Revolution of one group of critics from the left: those who saw it as ushering in a new form of capitalism. The controversy over state capitalism had both theoretical and practical significance. At the analytical level it presented an important test of Marx’s conception of historical materialism, which had been formulated in a l...

A Model of China’s State Capitalism∗

This paper documents a hallmark feature of China’s state capitalism as the state controlling the economy in a vertical economic structure: State-owned enterprises (SOEs) monopolize key industries and markets in the upstream, whereas the downstream industries are largely open to private competition. We develop a general-equilibrium model to show that this unique vertical structure, when combined...

the effect of task cognitive complexity and time limit on the performance of the learners with different proficiency levels in second language writing skill

this study investigated the effects of manipulating the cognitive complexity of tasks along +/- few elements and the time limits on l2 learners writing performance. to conduct the study, 60 iranian efl learners with two levels of proficiency, low and high intermediate, were selected and assigned to three groups based on the time devoted to task completion. the participants performed both a simp...